400 Troy Ounces To Pounds

System of units of mass

Troy ounce is a traditional unit of gold weight.

A Practiced Commitment silverish bar weighing one,000 troy ounces (83 troy pounds; 31 kg)

Troy weight is a arrangement of units of mass that originated in 15th-century England,^[1] and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of measurement of the avoirdupois system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. I troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams.

Etymology [edit]

Troy weight probably takes its name from the French market town of Troyes where English language merchants traded at to the lowest degree equally early every bit the early on ninth century.^[2] ^[3] The proper name troy is kickoff attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an business relationship of the travels in Europe of the Earl of Derby.^[2] ^[4]

Charles Moore Watson (1844–1916) proposes an culling etymology: The Assize of Weights and Measures (as well known as Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris ), one of the statutes of uncertain date from the reign of either Henry 3 or Edward I, thus before 1307, specifies " troni ponderacionem "—which the Public Record Commissioners translate as "troy weight". The word troni refers to markets. Watson finds the dialect word troi, pregnant a residue in Wright'southward The English Dialect Dictionary. Troy weight referred to the tower system; the earliest reference to the mod troy weights is in 1414.^[5] ^[6]

History [edit]

Many aspects of the troy weight organisation were indirectly derived from the Roman monetary system. The Romans used statuary bars of varying weights equally currency. An aes grave ("heavy bronze") weighed i pound. One twelfth of an aes grave was called an uncia , or in English language, an "ounce". Before the adoption of the metric system, many systems of troy weights were in use in diverse parts of Europe, among them Holland troy, Paris troy, etc.^[vii] Their values varied from 1 another by upwardly to several percentage points. Troy weights were first used in England in the 15th century, and were made official for aureate and silverish in 1527.^[1] The British Imperial system of weights and measures (likewise known as Imperial units) was established in 1824, prior to which the troy weight system was a subset of pre-Imperial English units.

The troy ounce in utilise today is essentially the same as the British Imperial troy ounce (1824–1971), adopted equally an official weight standard for United States coinage by Human activity of Congress on May xix, 1828.^[eight] The British Imperial troy ounce (known more usually but as the majestic troy ounce) was based on, and nigh identical with, the pre-1824 British troy ounce and the pre-1707 English troy ounce. (1824 was the twelvemonth the British Imperial system of weights and measures was adopted, 1707 was the year of the Act of Union which created the Kingdom of U.k..) Troy ounces take been used in England since nigh 1400 and the English troy ounce was officially adopted for coinage in 1527. Before that time, diverse sorts of troy ounces were in use on the continent.^[9]

The troy ounce and grain were also function of the apothecaries' system. This was long used in medicine, but has now been largely replaced by the metric system (milligrams).^[ten]

The only troy weight in widespread employ today is the British Imperial troy ounce and its American analogue. Both are currently based on a grain of 0.06479891 gram (exact, by definition), with 480 grains to a troy ounce (compared with 437+ 1⁄2 grains for an ounce avoirdupois).

The British Empire abolished the 12-ounce troy pound in the 19th century, though information technology has been retained (although rarely used) in the American system. Larger amounts of precious metals are conventionally counted in hundreds or thousands of troy ounces (or in kilograms).

Origin [edit]

The origin of the troy weight organization is unknown. Although the proper noun probably comes from the Champagne fairs at Troyes, in northeastern France,^[eleven] the units themselves may be of more northern origin.^{[ commendation needed ]} English troy weights were virtually identical to the troy weight organisation of Bremen. (The Bremen troy ounce had a mass of 480.8 British Majestic grains.)^[9]

An alternative suggestion is that the weights come from the Muslim domains by way of the Gold Dirhem (47.966 British Purple grains), in the style that King Offa'due south weights were derived from the silverish Dirhem (about 45.0 British grains).

According to Watson, troy relates to a dialect word troi (balance). Then troy weight is a style of weighing, like auncel or bismar weights, or other kindred methods. The troy weight and so refers to weighing of pocket-size precious or potent goods, such every bit bullion and medicines.^[5]

Use in other countries [edit]

Troy ounces have been and are even so often used in precious metallic markets in countries that otherwise use International Organisation of Units (SI),^[12] ^[13] except in East Asia.^[14] However, the People's Bank of Cathay has previously used troy measurements in minting Gilded Pandas kickoff in 1982; since 2016, the utilise of troy ounces has been replaced by integer numbers of grams.

Units of measurement [edit]

Chart comparing the mass (in grams) of tower, Troy, merchant, avoirdupois and London pounds. Each colored cake represents i of that system's ounces (gold=Troy, blue= avoirdupois, majestic=tower)

Troy pound (lb t) [edit]

The troy pound (lb t) consists of twelve troy ounces^[15] and thus is five760 grains (373.24172 grams). (An avoirdupois pound is approximately 21.53% heavier at 7000 grains, and consists of sixteen avoirdupois ounces).

Troy ounce (oz t) [edit]

A troy ounce weighs 480 grains.^[xv] Since the implementation of the international yard and pound agreement of one July 1959, the grain measure is defined as precisely 64.79891 milligrams.^[16] ^: C-xix ^[17] Thus one troy ounce = 480 grains × 0.064798 91 grams/grain = 31.103476 eighty grams. Since the ounce avoirdupois is defined equally 437.5 grains, a troy ounce is exactly 480⁄437.v = 192⁄175 or about i.09714 ounces avoirdupois or most nine.7% more. The Troy ounce for trading precious metals is considered to exist sufficiently approximated past 31.10 g in EU directive 80/181/EEC^[18]

Pennyweight (dwt) [edit]

The pennyweight symbol is dwt. One pennyweight weighs 24 grains and 20 pennyweights make one troy ounce.^[15] Considering there were 12 troy ounces in the erstwhile troy pound, there would accept been 240 pennyweights to the pound (mass) – just as there were 240 pennies in the original pound-sterling. All the same, prior to 1526, English pound sterling was based on the tower pound, which is 15⁄16 of a troy pound. The d in dwt stands for denarius, the ancient Roman coin that equates loosely to a penny. The symbol d for penny can be recognized in the form of British pre-decimal pennies, in which pounds, shillings, and pence were indicated using the symbols £, southward, and d, respectively.

Troy grain [edit]

At that place is no specific 'troy grain'. All Imperial systems use the same mensurate of mass called a grain (historically of barley), weighing exactly 64.79891 milligrams.^[a]

Mint masses [edit]

Mint masses, besides known as moneyers' masses were legalized by Act of Parliament dated 17 July 1649 entitled An Act touching the monies and coins of England. A grain is 20 mites, a mite is 24 droits, a droit is 20 perits, a perit is 24 blanks.^[19] ^[20]

Scottish organization [edit]

In Scotland, the Incorporation of Goldsmiths of the City of Edinburgh used a system in multiples of xvi. (See Assay-Principal's Accounts, 1681–1702, on loan from the Incorporation to the National Archives of Scotland.)^{[ improve source needed ]} There were 16 drops to the troy ounce, 16 ounces to the Scottish troy pound, and 16 pounds to the stone. The Scots had several other ways of measuring precious metals and gems, merely this was the common usage for gilt and silvery.

The Scottish pound was 7,716 grains,^{[ citation needed ]} simply after the spousal relationship of Scotland with England, was reduced to 7,680 grains.^{[ citation needed ]} This divides to 16 ounces, each of 16 drops, each of 30 grains. The reduction made the ounce and grain equal in mass to the English language standard.

Dutch system [edit]

The Dutch troy system is based on a marking of 8 ounces, the ounce of xx engels (pennyweights), the Engel of 32 as. The mark was rated as 3,798 troy grains or 246.084 grammes. The divisions are identical to the tower system.^[21]

Conversions [edit]

Unit	Grains	Grams (exact)
Troy pound (12 troy ounces)	5,760	373.24172 xvi0
Troy ounce (20 pennyweights)	480	31.10347 680
Pennyweight	24	1.55517 384
Grain	1	0.06479 891

English pounds
Unit v t e	Pounds											Ounces						Grains		Metric
Unit v t e	Avdp.		Troy		Tower		Merchant		London		Metric	Avdp.		Troy		Tower		Troy	Tower	k	kg
Avoirdupois	1		175 / 144	= 1.2152vii	35 / 27	= one.296	28 / 27	= 1.037	35 / 36	= 0.972	≈ 0.9072	16		14+ 7 / 12	= 14.583	xv+ five / 9	= 15.v	7,000	0 nine,955+ five / 9	≈ 454	≈ 5 / 11
Troy	144 / 175	≈ 0.8229	i		16 / 15	= one.06	64 / 75	= 0.853	iv / 5	= 0.8	≈ 0.7465	13+ 29 / 175	≈ 13.17	12		12+ 4 / 5	= 12.8	five,760	08,192	≈ 373	≈ iii / eight
Tower	27 / 35	≈ 0.7714	15 / 16	= 0.9375	1		iv / 5	= 0.viii	3 / iv	= 0.75	≈ 0.6998	12+ 12 / 35	≈ 12.34	xi+ 1 / 4	= eleven.25	12		5,400	0seven,680	≈ 350	≈ 7 / 20
Merchant	27 / 28	≈ 0.9643	75 / 64	= 1.171875	five / four	= ane.25	1		15 / 16	= 0.9375	≈ 0.8748	15+ 3 / 7	≈ fifteen.43	14+ one / 16	= fourteen.0625	xv		6,750	09,600	≈ 437	≈ seven / 16
London	36 / 35	≈ i.029	5 / 4	= 1.25	4 / 3	= 1.3	16 / fifteen	= 1.06	one		≈ 0.9331	16+ 16 / 35	≈ 16.46	15		16		seven,200	x,240	≈ 467	≈ seven / fifteen
Metric		≈ 1.1023		≈ 1.3396		≈ i.4289		≈ 1.1431		≈ 1.0717	one		≈ 17.64		≈ xvi.08		≈ 17.15	7,716	x,974	= 500	= 1 / 2

The troy organization was used in the apothecaries' system, but with unlike further subdivisions.

Human relationship to British coinage [edit]

Male monarch Offa's 8th century currency reform replaced the sceat with the silvery penny.^{[ citation needed ]} This coin was derived from half of a silver dirhem.^{[ citation needed ]} The masses were so derived by a count of coins, by a mix of Charlemagne and Roman systems. An ounce was prepare as twenty pence,^{[ citation needed ]} and a pound to twelve ounces or 240 silver pence.^{[ citation needed ]} In practice, the weights of the coins was not consequent and 240 of them seldom added upwardly to a full pound; there were no shilling or pound coins and the pound as used only as an accounting convenience.^[22]

Afterwards kings debased the coin, both in weight and fineness. The original pound divided was the tower pound of 5,400 grains, but a after pound of 5,760 grains displaced it. Where once 240 pence fabricated a tower pound (and 256 brand a troy pound), by the fourth dimension of the United Kingdom Weights and Measures Act of 1824, a troy pound gives 792 silvery pence, still minted as such as Maundy Coin.

Meet besides [edit]

Bullion
Bullion coin
Carat (unit)
Conversion of units
English language units
Fluid ounce
Grain (unit)
Imperial units
Mark (weight)
Tola (unit of measurement)
Usa customary units

Explanatory notes [edit]

^ Because an avoirdupois pound weighs 7000 grains and a pound weighs exactly 0.45359237 kg (see International M and Pound Agreement). Thus ane grain weighs 453.59237/7 mg.

References [edit]

^ ^a ^b Hallock, William; Wade, Herbert Treadwell (1906). Outlines of the Development of Weights and Measures and the Metric System. New York and London: The Macmillan Company. p. 34. Retrieved fourteen August 2012.
^ ^a ^b "troy, n.²". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. June 2012. The received opinion is that it took its name from a weight used at the fair of Troyes in France
^ Partridge, Eric (1958). "Trojan". Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 3566. OCLC 250202885. …the bang-up fairs established for all Europe the weight-standard Troyes, whence…Troy…
^ Smith, L. Toulmin (1894). Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy State Fabricated past Henry Earl of Derby (afterwards King Henry Iv.) in the Years 1390-ane and 1392-three. London: Camden Social club. p. 100.
^ ^a ^b Watson, Charles Moore (1910). British weights and measures every bit described in the laws of England from Anglo-Saxon times. London: John Murray. p. 82. OCLC 4566577.
^ Wright, Joseph (1898). The English Dialect Dictionary. Vol. 6. Oxford: English Dialect Society. p. 250. OCLC 63381077.
^ Kelly, Patrick (1811). The Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor. Vol. one. p. 20.
^ Hallock, Wade (1906). Outlines of the development of weights and measures and the metric arrangement. The Macmillan company. p. 119.
^ ^a ^b Zupko, Ronald Edward (1977). British Weights and Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Academy of Wisconsin Press. pp. 28–9. ISBN978-0-299-07340-four.
^ "Troy Ounce". WordNet iii.0, Lexicon.com. Princeton Academy. Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-01-10 .
^ Smith, Adam (1809). An Enquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Vol. 1. London: T. Hamilton. p. 35. The French livre contained, in the time of Charlemagne, a pound, Troyes weight, of argent of a known finess. The fair of Troyes in Champaign was at that time frequented past all the nations of Europe, and the weights and measures of so famous a market were generally known and esteemed.
^ "Börse Frankfurt: Aktien, Kurse, Charts und Nachrichten". www.boerse-frankfurt.de. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
^ "Units of Measure out - The Perth Mint". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.
^ "Exercise grams or ounces win?". Archived from the original on 2016-05-06.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Units of measure out". Perth Mint. Archived from the original on seven June 2019.
^ National Constitute of Standards and Engineering science (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. "Appendix C – Full general Tables of Units of Measurement" (PDF). Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. NIST Handbook. 44 (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Section of Commerce, Technology Assistants, National Institute of Standards and Applied science. ISSN 0271-4027. OCLC OCLC 58927093. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
^ Judson, Lewis V. (March 1976) [Oct 1963]. "8. Refinement of values for the grand and pound". Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A brief history (PDF). NBS Special Publication. Vol. 447. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 20. OCLC 610190761. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
^ "Consolidated TEXT: 31980L0181 — EN — thirteen.06.2020".
^ A new English dictionary on historical principles: founded mainly on the materials nerveless by the Philological Society. Philological Social club (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland). 1891. p. 675 – via Clarendon Printing.
^ Miege, Guy (1738). The Present State of Slap-up Britain and Ireland. J. Brotherton, A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, G. Strahan, W. Mears, R. Ware, E. Symon, and J. Clark. p. 307.
^ Kelly, Patric (1835). Universal Cambist. London.
^ Lowther, Ed (14 February 2014). "A short history of the pound". BBC News. BBC. Anglo-Saxon King Offa is credited with introducing the system of money to central and southern England in the latter half of the 8th Century, overseeing the minting of the earliest English silver pennies – emblazoned with his proper name. In practice they varied considerably in weight and 240 of them seldom added up to a pound. In that location were at that time no larger denomination coins – pounds and shillings were merely useful units of account.